Pressure + Ink: Relief Process
Relief printing is the ability to print from raised images. The origins of this process began in hand printing. Many times, artists utilize a barren (a small object that allows to even pressure to be applied to a surface larger than that of your hand) to transfer images. For example, from wood or linoleum carvings. The different tools used to carve allows for a variety of marks, widths, and depths in the artwork and images are typically printed onto thin sheets of paper. This process is very popular because materials are easily affordable and accessible for easy replication in printmaking.
1) Tone block with an Indian ink wash or a wash of a jet black film ink
2) Transfer image with the aid of an iron oxide or carbon transfer paper
3) Cut image into block using wood cutting tools
4) Roll ink over surface of block
5) Place on the press and and pass through transferring ink to paper
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Pressure + Ink: Intaglio Process
An intaglio printing process is a process in which an image is carved below the flat surface of a printing plate. By directly scratching material on these plates, the material is not removed, but is simply moved side to side creating burrs. Burrs are rough edges that hold ink, creating lines. You can also use different marks to create different textures or tones.
1) Prepare plate (polish and clean)
2) Apply and ground to the plate
3) Etch the plate
4) Rinse and place in bath for 15 minutes
5) Wipe plate with ink
6) Remove excess ink
7) Set on press and cover with damp piece of paper
8) Run through press at high pressure
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Pressure + Ink: Lithography Process
Lithography, also commonly known as stone printing, uses ink, water, and grease. When you draw with a greasy material on a lithographic stone, you then treat it with chemicals. Once the grease is pulled into the stone, you can replace the drawing material with a colored greasy ink of your choice. Since the stone is receptive to water and grease, it allows for the removing of drawing with things such as a razorblades in a more sculptural way.
1) Apply small amount of rosin to image to prepare to etching
2) Apply gum arabic to stone to establish non-image area
3) Apply acidified gum arabic
4) Remove some of etched material and replace with fresh gum arabic
5) Use cheesecloth to buff in evenly
6) Wash drawing material out with lithotine and replace with asphaltum
7) Buff asphaltum down
8) West surface of stone then go over with a wet and dry towel
9) Sponge surface and apply ink immediately
10) Print on damp sheet of paper
1) Tone block with an Indian ink wash or a wash of a jet black film ink
2) Transfer image with the aid of an iron oxide or carbon transfer paper
3) Cut image into block using wood cutting tools
4) Roll ink over surface of block
5) Place on the press and and pass through transferring ink to paper
______________________________________________________
Pressure + Ink: Intaglio Process
1) Prepare plate (polish and clean)
2) Apply and ground to the plate
3) Etch the plate
4) Rinse and place in bath for 15 minutes
5) Wipe plate with ink
6) Remove excess ink
7) Set on press and cover with damp piece of paper
8) Run through press at high pressure
_______________________________________________________
Pressure + Ink: Lithography Process
Lithography, also commonly known as stone printing, uses ink, water, and grease. When you draw with a greasy material on a lithographic stone, you then treat it with chemicals. Once the grease is pulled into the stone, you can replace the drawing material with a colored greasy ink of your choice. Since the stone is receptive to water and grease, it allows for the removing of drawing with things such as a razorblades in a more sculptural way.1) Apply small amount of rosin to image to prepare to etching
2) Apply gum arabic to stone to establish non-image area
3) Apply acidified gum arabic
4) Remove some of etched material and replace with fresh gum arabic
5) Use cheesecloth to buff in evenly
6) Wash drawing material out with lithotine and replace with asphaltum
7) Buff asphaltum down
8) West surface of stone then go over with a wet and dry towel
9) Sponge surface and apply ink immediately
10) Print on damp sheet of paper
Reflection
The printing process that I'd most like to try is lithography printing because in previous years, I've practiced both relief and intaglio printing in different art classes and art camps. I'd like to experiment with a different style because it's interesting how the stone is receptive to water.
All of these printing styles have also influenced many contemporary designers. Back then, when there was no electronic option for transferring images, this was all there was, so naturally people had to make do with that they had access to and kept increasing their skills from there.
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